Trying to understand the functioning of all parts can be a tedious process. In this case, using an excavator parts diagram aids in quickly gaining insight into the positioning and identification of various components.
The Excavator parts diagram is a clear and concise pictorial representation of an excavator’s major components and accessories.
In particular, a good Excavator parts diagram helps analyze complex excavator models’ functionalities.
The Excavator parts diagram assists anyone in undertaking repair and maintenance activities by themselves. If you’re looking at just buying your first machine or servicing yours, these excavator parts diagram will surely help!
Major Parts of Excavator
All the major components are listed in the table below. We will discuss each component diagram regarding its location and position on the excavator.
| Sr. No. | Part Name | Sr. No. | Part Name |
| 1 | Excavator Boom | 17 | Excavator Sprocket |
| 2 | Excavator Boom Cylinder | 18 | Excavator Swing Motor |
| 3 | Excavator Track Rollers | 19 | Excavator Track Adjuster |
| 4 | Bucket | 20 | Excavator Track Chains and Rails |
| 5 | Bucket Cylinder | 21 | Excavator Track Pad |
| 6 | Excavator Cab | 22 | Excavator Rock Guards |
| 7 | Excavator Arm | 23 | Excavator Counterweight |
| 8 | Excavator Arm Cylinder | 24 | Excavator Driver Seat |
| 9 | Excavator Final Drive | 25 | Excavator Cab Controls |
| 10 | Excavator H Link | ||
| 11 | Excavator Main Control Valve | ||
| 12 | Excavator Hydraulic Pump | ||
| 13 | Excavator Side Link | ||
| 14 | Excavator Fuel Tank | ||
| 15 | Excavator Hydraulic Fluid Tank | ||
| 16 | Excavator Slew Ring |
1. Excavator Boom
The Excavator boom is mounted between the excavator arm and the main body of the excavator beside the excavator cab. It is also known as an angled arm because it has a slight tilt in its construction. The diagram of these components is represented below for your reference:
2. Excavator Boom Cylinder:
The excavator boom cylinder is mounted from one side on the excavator’s main body and another on the tilted or angled end of the excavator boom, as depicted in the figure below. This facilitates the functioning of your excavator boom.
3. Excavator Track Roller
The excavator track rollers are in the undercarriage on the upper and lower sides of track rails. These rollers support the proper functioning of your excavator tracks. You can see the pictorial description of track rollers in the figure below:
4. Bucket
The excavator bucket is the essential component of an excavator. It is on the end of an excavator’s arm, stick, or dipper with the help of proper linkage. The movement of the excavator’s arm facilitates the desired operation of your excavator. You can also replace the bucket with the attachment needed for a particular operation.
5. Bucket Cylinder
The location and position of this specific equipment are connected from one side to the excavator’s arm and from another side to the excavator bucket through H-Link. It supplies the main driving force to your excavator bucket. You can see the demonstration in the image below:
6. Excavator Cab
The Excavator cab is mounted on the car body and is powered by the swing gear. It provides seating arrangement and protection to the driver while in the construction or operational. The excavator cab has embedded controls that facilitate the convenient operation of your excavator. See the image below to have a clear idea:
7. Excavator Arm:
The excavator arm is placed on the excavator boom and is strengthened with the link to the arm cylinder. On the other end of the excavator’s arm lies an excavator bucket. It also provides support or attachment to the excavator bucket cylinder. The diagram of the excavator’s arm is as follows:
8 Excavator Arm Cylinder
The excavator arm cylinder is installed halfway on the excavator arm and the other half on the excavator boom. The base or foundation link of the excavator arm cylinder is on the excavator boom, which facilitates the operation of the excavator’s arm, stick, or dipper, as shown in the figure below:
9 Excavator Final Drive
The excavator’s final drive is mounted on the undercarriage of the machine and attached to it. The final drive is the part of the excavator that connects to the transmission housing. It transmits the power from the engine to the tracks and is controlled by a set of gear sets. It also provides the momentum needed to take a load up an embankment or down an incline.
10 Excavator H Link
The excavator h link attaches the excavator bucket to the excavator stick or arm. It allows the bucket to move back and forth across the ground while digging. You can also attach various excavator attachments using this h link. The diagram of the excavator h link is as follows:
11 Excavator Main Control Valve
The excavator’s main control valve is located at the top of the engine but is only accessible if you remove the front bumper. When operating, the valve opens and closes to allow hydraulic oil or hydraulic fluids to enter and exit the hydraulic pump, allowing it to work.
12 Excavator Hydraulic Pump
The excavator hydraulic pump is beside the excavator’s main control valve. It is the main power source of all the hydraulic components within an excavator. It supplies pressurized fluid at the desired rate to all the hydraulic components.
13 Excavator Side Link:
The excavator side link is the hydraulic system that controls the circular motion of the bucket, which extends from the top of the excavator. The side link controls a rod or bar attached to one of the bucket’s bars, enabling the bucket to rotate and perform work. If any part of this linkage breaks or becomes disconnected, it causes serious damage to your machine.
14 Excavator Fuel Tank
The location of the excavator fuel tank can vary depending on the excavator and model, but it is commonly found under the seat or near the front of the engine compartment, where it may be mounted on a frame rail.
15 Excavator Hydraulic Fluid Tank
The excavator hydraulic fluid tank is located on the right side of the machine behind the cab, just ahead of the hydraulic pump. The fuel tank can be found under smaller excavators, but larger excavators may have a full-sized tank underneath the cab.
16 Excavator Slew Ring
The slew ring is located in the front of the excavator’s frame, under the cab, or on top of the motor. It allows your excavator cab, boom, and arm to rotate 180 degrees. This helps the excavator driver perform the intended operation within the low space availability.
17 Excavator Sprocket:
The excavator sprocket is the small wheel that drives the front loader. It is mounted outside the wheelbase and rotates clockwise concerning the machine’s direction of travel. The sprocket connects with the chain drive mechanism of your loader and allows for smooth movement.
18 Excavator Swing Motor
The excavator swing motor is located just beneath the excavator cab and supplies the power needed to drive the excavator slew ring. It generates enough torque needed to rotate the excavator cab at 180 degrees. It takes its driving power from the excavator engine.
19 Excavator Track Adjuster
The excavator track adjuster is located on the top of the gearbox, and the idler is in front of the drive-wheel vent. You can use the excavator track adjuster to adjust the tension in your tracks up to the optimum limit. This is a key tool when you experience moving your excavator on various terrains. This will boost the efficiency of your excavator.
20 Excavator Track Chains and Rails:
Track chains and rails are located on either side of the excavator undercarriage on the differential. They are designed to allow the wheels to move side to side, in addition to front and back, with minimum slippage. There are two chains and two rails that connect to the track.
21 Excavator Track Pad
The excavator track pad also known as grouser pad is located on either side of the undercarriage. It is a circular pad that fits over the tracks. The majority of excavators have rubber pads, except for larger tractors. Rubber pads provide more comfort and absorb more vibration than others do. The excavator track pad is a large contact surface between the excavator’s treads, which allows you to move a load.
A grouser pad is a protective pad working as a track. It protects the vehicle from hitting rocks, lumber, and other materials normally found when digging on site. These grouser pads allow you to move your excavator on any soil type you want. They add up to the effective functioning of your excavator.
22 Excavator Rock Guards:
Rock guards are excavator components on either side of tracks that prevent the tracks from falling rocks and stones. They act as a protective device for your excavator and elongate its working life. It also reduces your cost or expenses on maintenance and repairs.
23 Excavator Counterweight
The excavator counterweight on your excavator is located on the back side of the boom. The counterweight is used to balance the machine while running, so check whether it’s in working order before starting a job. The location of the excavator counterweight depends on the machine type, engine type, and model.
It plays a major role when you lift a heavy load, and that weight is more than your excavator’s weight. This will counter the effect of that weight by balancing it.
24 Excavator Driver Seat
The excavator driver seat is mounted on the frame, which is located in the cab. This is also known as a cab or cabin. The driver’s seat is designed so a person seated there can be facing the operator side of the machine, with his or her feet on a pedal. The seat is equipped with an adjustable armrest and forward-and-backward reclining features.
The seat can be adjusted vertically and horizontally to any desired position so various drivers can comfortably drive.
25 Excavator Cab Controls
The excavator cab controls are located on the dash of the excavator. There are various controls in the excavator cab. They are located on top of the operator’s side window, at the right side as you face it, under a flip-down visor, and usually toward the front of the vehicle.
They are used to control various functions of the vehicle and serve as diagnostic units in all types of machines that utilize them. The main controls include oil level, fuel level, indicators, all hydraulic components controller, temperature metrics, etc.
Final Words: Excavator Parts Diagram
The importance of an Excavator Parts Diagram is to help you choose the right parts for your machine. If you are beginning with an excavator and have no idea where to start, this diagram will help you figure out what you need.
The purpose of an excavator parts diagram is also to help troubleshoot if you can’t find all the parts and need a schematic. To use the parts diagram correctly, you must be familiar with each part.