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Excavator Main Control Valve – The Definitive FAQ Guide

The excavator leading control valve FAQ Guide offers readers insight into this essential component of an excavation system.

The guide covers how main control valves function, what factors affect the valves’ performance, the components used in their design, and much more.

This guide will help clear any questions about excavator main control valves, from how they work to maintenance requirements and causes of failures.

1.    How does an excavator control valve work?

An excavator main control valve is a hydraulic control valve that controls and regulates the flow and direction of fluids in an excavator.

It accomplishes this through the use of its ports, poppets, and different pressure settings.

An excavator main control valve can be used to direct power from the engine to the hydraulic system. This includes both the movable parts such as shovels and rams.

An excavator control valve transforms the hydraulic power flow from the engine to the working tools.

The fluid is reached to the control valves through a powerful hydraulic pump which supplies pressurized fluid to the central control valve.

2.    What is the main control valve?

The excavator’s main control valve is the crucial element of your excavator, which helps perform its intended function.

The excavator, the main control valve, is a device that controls the fuel supply to the engine and control of hydraulic oil.

These valves control the amount of hydraulic fluid to each working tool depending on the intensity of work.

Excavator central control valve helps your excavator move forward or backward as desired.

The main control valve is mounted on the cylinder top and is made by utilizing high-quality materials.

It is designed to increase the efficiency with which the excavating equipment operates. Without this valve, you are unable to drive your excavator.

3.    What controls a control valve?

A control valve is hydraulically operated utilizing an operating lever.

The control levers can be single acting or double acting, which actuate the two positions of the valve in sequence with the flow direction.

There are three kinds of control levers: manually operated control valve (MCV), mechanical operated control valve (MOCV), and single acting hydraulic operated control valve (HAFOCV).

The Main Control Valve is a solenoid-operated direct-acting positive cylinder valve that has replaceable wear parts.

The valve uses self-lubricating bushings on the extended shaft valving system for both primary and auxiliary control valves.

This enables operators to make full and efficient use of the hydraulic system’s load and force by allowing them to either fine-tune or cut off hydraulic fluid flow.

4.    What is the difference between a valve and a control valve?

A valve and a control valve do the same thing: they regulate and control the flow of fluids.

But there are notable differences between them.

In many applications, valves and control valves open and close ports to the machine’s hydraulic system.

A valve is a simple controller that opens and closes, letting the liquid flow only through one way.

The control valve has other jobs to do other than just controlling the flow passage, and other jobs are controlling pressure, temperature, etc.

They are electric or other sorts of switches that are being used in conjunction with hydraulic machines.

5.    What are the main parts of the control valve?

There are several components used in making the excavator main control valve. Some of the main ingredients are listed below:

• Excavator Main Control Valve Adjusting Screw
• Excavator Main Control Valve Spring
• Excavator Main Control Valve Cylinder
• Excavator Main Control Valve Piston
• Excavator Main Control Valve Piston O ring
• Excavator Main Control Valve Upper Packing
• Excavator Main Control Valve Packing Spacer
• Excavator Main Control Valve Bonnet
• Excavator Main Control Valve Bonnet Flange
• Excavator Main Control Valve Seal Retainer
• Excavator Main Control Valve Seat Ring
• Excavator Main Control Valve Actuator Stem Bushing
• Excavator Main Control Valve Actuator Stem O-ring
• Excavator Main Control Valve Stroke Plate
• Excavator Main Control Valve Stem Bellows
• Excavator Main Control Valve Lower Packing
• Excavator Main Control Valve Plug
• Excavator Main Control Valve End Flange

Each part listed above has specific functions and features without which your excavator cannot perform its intended function.

6.    What is the cost of an excavator main control valve?

The cost of the excavator main control valve varies and depends on several factors. These factors include the kind of material used in the manufacturing of your excavator’s main control valve.

The cost also varies with the design specifications of the main control valve, shape, warranty, and life.

The price of an excavator main control valve having a size of port to 24 inches build for water, gas, oil, and steam as the primary media lies in the range of $500 to $10,000 per piece.

The cost of an excavator main control valve with a warranty of 3 months lies in the range of $2000 to $3500 per piece.

7.    What is the role of spring in the excavator main control valve?

The spring in the main control valve of the excavator performs two functions: Keep the valve in a zero or extended position under load and cushion or absorb shock loads.

To ensure that the correct position is obtained as soon as possible, excavator hydraulic valves are fitted with a spring.

In other words, a valve spring is part of the mechanism that makes the valve return to the closed position as quickly as possible.

The spring controls the relief pressure inside the valve and opens and closes depending on whether it is compressed or decompressed.

Its primary roles are to play a role in buffer, determine the normal operating pressure, and change the valve’s working angle.

8.    What is the role of adjusting screw in excavator main control valve?

The main control valve is the most crucial device in the hydraulic system of the excavator.

The adjusting screw (or nut) in the hydraulic excavator main control valve is usually installed in the middle of the top head.

The purpose of the adjusting screw in the excavator, the main control valve, is to reduce or increase the flow through the valve.

The adjusting screw is used to fine-tune the machine’s setting, usually only by the dealer’s technician.

The adjusting screw has a more significant impact on the excavator’s main control valve operation.

The adjusting screw in the excavator, the main control valve, is designed to regulate the working pressure of the pump in an excavator, achieve the best performance, correct operation, and prolong the machine’s service life.

9.    What is the role of the piston in the excavator’s main control valve?

The piston is a moving part of the excavator’s main control valve.

It makes reciprocating movements via flexible couplings, which provide the training to achieve the function of load sensing attenuation and travel to achieve power regulation and positioning control through the rotation angle according to the valve stroke.

Through the use of a piston, the excavator main control valve controls pressure in the oil circuit.

It can regulate oil flow to the pistons and through the oil circuit at a constant pressure.

Excavator central control valve piston is placed just under the spring and is hold in its place with the help of piston retaining nut.

10.  What is the role of piston O – ring in excavator main control valve?

The piston O – the ring has a significant role in the excavator main control valve.

Without this O – ring, it won’t be easy to maintain the excavator’s main control valve’s oil and gas-tightness.

The excavator’s central control valve pin is often referred to as the “O” ring. It is essential for several reasons.

First, the O – ring environment is very hostile since excavator hydraulic oil has many contaminants.

Second, the primary role of the O – the ring is to seat all moving parts in their proper location.

Because of this, it must have a surface finish that will allow the seal to form appropriately, even when there are small amounts of metallic burrs or other imperfections on either or both surfaces being forced together.

11.  What is the role of the actuator in the excavator’s main control valve?

Actuators play a crucial role in the excavator’s main control valve. They are the hydraulic to mechanical link that harnesses the power of the hydraulic system to turn the valve spool.

The actuator serves as a hydraulic cylinder to control the opening and closing of the excavator main valve.

The cylinder applies pressure to the piston rod to open or close the main valve, pulling the output shaft based on a specific direction, then transferred it down to the valve’s rod lever.

Once this process is completed, the excavator will follow the direction of the controller.

Actuators are available in different types based on the pressure range to be operated, and piezoelectric ceramic actuators are used for light to medium pressure applications. In contrast, voice coil or magnetostrictive are widely used for heavy load operation.

12.  What is the role of the seat ring in the excavator main control valve?

The seat ring, also known as the seat, is essential to the excavator’s main control valve.

First, the seat ring is used to seal the hole in the control valve body when there is no medium running through it.

It also has to achieve tightness when media flow in and out of it.

Additionally, it can regulate the flow of the medium in the pump when it works in control valves with multi-ports.

The seat ring is made of high-quality alloy steel, and it has good stability, hardness, high strength, and so on.

The seat ring installs the valve body to the machine, and the taper concentrated force can prevent the valve body from being twisted during the hydraulic pressure test.

The high-temperature fluid will not corrode the seat ring because it is made of high alloy steel.

13.  What is the role of guide bushing in the excavator main control valve?

Excavator valve stroke plate is a primary load balancing device for wear purposes when an excavator is running.

The moving load from the cab is compensated by the greater or lesser stroke of the valve and thus better load distribution. Excavator main control valve is designed to ensure efficient flow of hydraulic power among components of the machine.

The stroke plate lengthens the linkage of the switch rod, which avoids the wearing of the parts caused by changing the position of the swivel, thus prolonging the lifespan.

The stroke plate in the excavator main control valve is essential for maintaining fluid in a constant position.

14.  What is the role of the diaphragm case in the excavator main control valve?

The diaphragm case is a necessary part of the excavator valve. However, it has no function to the excavator running.

The diaphragm case can be made by polypropylene or polyvinylidene fluoride, steel, cast steel, or aluminum according to the different requirements of excavators.

The diaphragm case is in line with the cylinder of the main control valve. It has two functions:

The first is to accommodate the movement of the cylinder; the second is to keep the cylinder in place.

The diaphragm provides the smooth and stable running of the excavator’s main control valve. It can effectively reduce the vibration and noise in the valve body.

15.  What is the role of yoke in excavator main control valve?

The yoke of an excavator main control valve is used to lift and lower the arm.

It assists the DOF and lifts move up and down and implements counter-heavy and counter-light functions during the engine’s operation.

The position of the yoke determines how fast or slow the swing of high-pressure oil flow behind the valve plate will be when hydraulically raising or lowering the arm.

The yoke is used to move the rotor assembly of the control valve. It is made up of a Teflon-encased SS304 solid rod with two steel endplates.

The endplate has an L-shaped groove on both sides for the alignment of the yoke.

The actuator or cylinder pushes against the yoke via a hydraulic piston to slide it left or right, thus moving the control valve disc up or down.

16.  What is the role of the gasket in the excavator’s main control valve?

The gasket is also an essential part of the excavator, but its role in the main control valve is unique.

The gasket is a safety component that prevents the leakage of oil from the valve.

In the excavator, the main control valve helps to build a more precise structure.

There would be a high possibility of oil leakage without it, and safety couldn’t be guaranteed.

It is like a human heart: without it, other body parts will not function.

The excavator uses its gasket in the main control valve for this machine, removing dust and dirt to avoid contamination and controlling oil flows, opening and closing it as needed.

17.  What is the role of plug-in excavator main control valve?

Plugin excavator main control valve is an essential part of the engine and is used to regulate the flow of oil and water by adjusting the valve seat.

It is one of the power supply equipment gears mainly composed of plug, unit, and seat ring.

The plug with the Operation knob at the top is used for starting, stopping, regulating the output oil pressure.

Plug in the excavator control valve is the control table for limiting the flow quantity.

If there is no plug in the excavator main control valve, the flow quantity of each wheel will be forced to come out by the wheel cylinders so that it will waste a lot of energy.

Through plugging in the control valve till it works well.

18.  What is the role of cylinder retaining ring in excavator main control valve?

The cylinder retaining ring (also called the C-ring) is essential for the excavator control valve. It plays a critical role in excavator hydraulics.

The cylinder retaining ring is usually made of bronze, steel, or other material with abrasion resistance.

The same material used depends on the application and valve model.

The cylinder retaining ring keeps the separating sealing ring tightly attached to the cylinder cover’s single groove.

A cylinder retaining ring (also called a drive retaining ring) is the ring that is used for protecting the cylinders when it is in use.

The cylinder retaining ring can prevent leakage of hydraulic fluid of pneumatic fluid. It can also protect the cylinder of the excavator from being damaged.

19.  What is the maintenance requirement of the excavator main control valve?

Excavator Main control valve’s maintenance requirement is to timely check the valve body’s appearance, mount position, and wall thickness.

The excavator’s main valve should not be loose. Check if the indicator line keeps moving smoothly. If the above is normal, it is generally running normally.

Otherwise, there are many possible factors causing damage to the chips or cracks on valves, such as impact force of vehicle bump at the time of transportation, collision with other objects during operation, etc.

The excavator’s main control valve is mechanical parts, must be regularly checked its position accurate and resistance of closing port.

The main control valve with an automatic oil supply system must be checked regularly to ensure the system is operating normally.

20.  How long an excavator main control valve lasts?

If excavators are not maintained properly, they can suffer severe damage, from pump cavitation to excessive heat build-up.

Poorly functioning control valves can also hurt the efficiency of an excavator.

In general, the excavator’s main valve lasts between 500 to 1000 hours.

To increase the life associated, you must follow the given steps:

• First, choose an excavator main control valve with high-quality steel materials.
• Second, adopt heat treatment technologies to ensure that there are no weak points in the structure of the valve structure.
• Third, use suitable sealing materials to avoid external effects on the seal performance.
• Fourth, ensure that each part is made strictly according to the standard dimension.

21.  How would I know that my excavator primary control valve is bad?

Stop guessing, and keep control valves from draining performance out of your excavator. The only way to know a lousy valve is good is to inspect it.

And the only way to ensure that it’s in good working condition is to test it.

If you are experiencing the following problems, your excavator central control valve may need to be replaced:

• Slow response of the engine during fast travel,
• Hard starting issues,
• Rough engine running,
• Frequent coking or excess black smoke emissions,
• Loss of power or abnormal engine vibrations,
• If your excavator is leaking more than normal hydraulic fluid.

The best way to determine whether or not you need a new valve is to take your excavator to an authorized dealer for diagnostics.

There, technicians will be able to determine if there is any internal damage to your machine that requires installing a new valve.

22.  What are the reasons for the failure of the excavator’s main control valve?

Excavator’s main control valve is the heart of the whole hydraulic system. If the main valve has problems, it has a significant influence on excavator operation efficiency.

The most frequent cause of control valve failure is improper operation, including

• Running the machine at high loads or wide-open throttle for extended periods;
• Allowing the oil level to drop too low;
• Using low-quality fuel or hydraulic fluids.
• Excessive cycling,
• Rough handling,
• Old age and exposure to the elements

will cause valves to fail prematurely.

23.  What is the role of the seat retainer in the excavator main control valve?

The seat retainer is a small but essential component of an excavator main control valve.

It is a solid steel disk that supports the rubber sealing ring and has two “teeth” that lock the main valve plug in place, ensuring an air-tight seal.

The excavator primary control valve seat retainer can be bronze, steel, plastic, or rubber.

Seat retainer is simple, inexpensive, and easy to use.

It prevents the seat from being dislocated when the stuffing box works far from the seat surface. This way, it can play a cushioning role when there was a big load on the valve.